Fast occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery is usually caused by thrombosis superimposed on an arteriosclerotic plaque; less often, this condition is caused by an embolism or a dissecting aneurysm. As clinic observation, the patient has a sudden onset of severe lower abdominal abnormalities, tenderness, rigidity, and bloody rectal discharge. External compression of the inferior mesenteric artery by an expanding aortic aneurysm or involvement of the vessel by arteriosclerosis produces gradual occlusion
Caused by the extensive collateral circulation through anastomoses with branches of the superior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries, an acute occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery may be well tolerated if the occlusion is limited to the proximal portion and if the collateral vessels are running normally. By the way, if there is advanced arteriosclerotic narrowing or thrombosis of the superior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries, an acute
occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery may lead to the infarction of variable segments of the left colon with subsequent gangrene and death unless successful surgical intervention is possible. As arterical positions can show the location and degree of stenosis or occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery, the extent of collateral vessel development, and the degree of patency of the superior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries. Cause of the mortality rate is high, an aggressive surgical definitions is required once the diagnosis is made.
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